30 research outputs found
Genetic structure and history of Swiss maize ( Zea mays L. ssp. mays ) landraces
Between 1930 and 2003 with emphasis on the 1940s maize landraces (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) from all over Switzerland were collected for maintenance and further use in a new Swiss breeding program. The genetic relationship and diversity among these accessions stored in the Swiss gene bank is largely unknown. Our hypothesis was that due to the unique geographic, climatic, and cultural diversity in Switzerland a diverse population of maize landraces had developed over the past three centuries. The aims were to characterize the genetic diversity of the Swiss landraces and their genetic relationship with accessions from neighbouring regions as well as reviewing their history, collection, and maintenance. The characterization and grouping was based on analyses with ten microsatellite markers. Geographic, cultural, and climatic conditions explained a division in two distinct groups of accessions. One group consisted of landraces collected in the southern parts of Switzerland. This group was related to the Italian Orange Flints. The other group contained accessions from northern Switzerland which were related to Northern European Flints in particular German Flints. Historic evidence was found for a frequent exchange of landraces within the country resulting in a lack of region-specific or landrace-specific genetic groups. The relatively large separation between the accessions, indicated by high F ST (0.42), might be explained partly by a bottleneck during the collection and maintenance phase as well as by geographical and cultural separation of north and south of the country. Due to the high genetic diversity, the accessions here are a potential resource for broadening the European flint poo
The Nature of Knowledge in Composition and Literary Understanding: The Question of Specificity
↵PETER SMAGORINSKY is Assistant Professor, College of Education, University of Oklahoma, 820 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019-0. He specializes in classroom literacy.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
Boom and bust of a moose population – a call for integrated forest management
This is the postprint version of the article. The published article can be located at www.springerlink.comThere is increasing pressure to manage forests
for multiple objectives, including ecosystem services and
biodiversity, alongside timber production. However, few
forests are currently co-managed for timber and wildlife,
despite potential economic and conservation benefits. We
present empirical data from a commercial Norway spruce
(
Picea abies
) and Scots pine (
Pinus sylvestris
) production
system in southern Norway in which moose (
Alces alces
)
are an important secondary product. Combining long-term
hunting and forestry records, we identified temporal vari-
ation in clear-felling over the past five decades, peaking in
the 1970s. Herbicide treatment of regenerating stands and a
fivefold increase in moose harvest has lead to a reduction in
availability of successional forest per moose of
[
90 %
since the 1960s. Field estimates showed that spraying with
the herbicide glyphosate reduced forage availability by 60
and 96 % in summer and winter, respectively, 4 years after
treatment. It also reduced moose use and habitat selection
of young spruce stands compared with unsprayed stands.
Together these lines of evidence suggest that forest man-
agement led to an increase in moose carrying capacity
during the 1970s and a subsequent decline thereafter. This
is likely to have contributed to observed reductions in moose population productivity in southern Norway and is
counter to sustainable resource management. We therefore
call for better integration and long-term planning between
forestry and wildlife management to minimise forest
damage and the development of large fluctuations in
ungulate populations
Genetic structure and history of Swiss maize (Zea mays L. ssp mays) landraces
ISSN:0925-9864ISSN:1573-510
Oekosystemare Grundlagenforschung im Bereich Greifswalder Bodden Abschlussbericht
SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F96B518+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman